-Greek- city states were small places, generally consisting of no more than a town and a few square miles of surrounding country-side
-Athens, and Sparta were the same size as couple of U.S. counties, were giants among city-states
-Acropolis- a combination of fortress and temple precinct
-fortresses and temples were vitally important to the Greek city- states
- the Parthenon, or "place of maiden" overlooked the whole city
-the Greek language is the first that is known to have had a specific word for a member of such community; "citizen"
-the notation of citizenship seems to have originated partly in geography
-hoplites- a heavily armed and armored citizen- soldier of ancient Greece
-phalanx- a unit of several hundred hoplites, who closed ranks by joining shields when approaching the enemy
-monarchy- a state in which supreme power is held by a single, usually hereditary ruler
-oligarchy- a state in which supreme power is held by a small group
-triremes- massive fighting vessels with three banks of oars, used to ram or board enemy ships
-tyranny- rule by a self proclaimed dictator
-democracy- in ancient Greece, a form of government in which all adult male citizens were entitled to take a part in decision making
-reinforced by tradition and myth
- the communities that would become city-states were ruled by kings
- but other city-states that developed into large commercial centers, gave far more power to the majority
-in these large city-states social conflicts sometimes led to the emergence of tyranny.
-Greek city-states were narrow and exclusive
- each city-state had its own personality
-Spartans were descendants of Greeks
-Corinth and Thebes were oligarchies
-to the Athenians the spartan life was not worth living
- Athens was a war-like community
- Athens grew to become the wealthiest and one of the most powerful of Greek city-states
-aristocrats- members f prominent and long- established Athenian families
-aristocrats prided themselves with being excellent human beings
-aristocrats also had a strong sense of citizenship and responsibility to the community
-Athens went through monarchy which included oligarchy and tyranny and then soon they became a democracy
-Ostracism- banishment for ten years by majority vote of the Athenian Assembly
-in the Athenian democracy power rested in the assembly of adult male Christians
-husbands could with-ought dishonor fall in love and have sexual relations with teenage boys
-woman were highly visible in an area of family and community life that was just as important as politics and law
-the hundred thousand or so slaves in Athens were also very diverse group, not all of them living lives of total subjection and powerlessness
-most slave owners were small business people and farmers who kept only a few slaves and often worked side by side with them
- but there were many for whom slavery was a truly inhuman condition
- the Athenian laws and customs concerning woman, aliens, and slaves were not a special feature of democracy s such
-aliens were people from elsewere
-aliens were people from elsewere
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